Louis XVIII (Reign of Kings)

Louis XVIII (1845-1871) was the King of France from 28 January 1845 until his death in 1871. Louis was six days old when his grandfather died and he acceded to the throne, but his succession was disputed by his great-great uncle Charles Philippe, Count of Artois, whose refusal to recognize him as sovereign led to the Liberal Wars. He spent most of his childhood in isolation while France was ruled by regents, and a period marked by palace intrigues, back-stairs and antechamber influences, barracks conspiracies, and military pronunciamientos.

The following years of his reign were dominated by political disputes as France had only become a constitutional monarchy in 1814 and the balance of power between the sovereign and parliament was still in dispute, Louis XVIII, taciturn and suspicious, relied heavily on his chief ministers, and most of the governmental power in Paris was entrusted to various advisers and counsel under the control of the Prime Minister of France. Louis died aged 30 in 1875, and was succeeded by his son, Louis XIX, who was born the following year.

Birth and regencies
Louis was born at the Seine Palace in 27 September 1845, to Dauphin Louis Antoine and Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, he was said to have been born prematurely and was the only son of Louis to survive him. His father died two months before his birth. He was the grandson of Louis XVII and Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily. On 6 October, six days after his birth, he became King of France and Navarre when his father died. The Constitutional Charter of 1814 stated that a regency council would rule on Louis's behalf. With his mother Duchess Helene serving as head of the council.

The Ultra-Royalists attempt to exploit the plots against the young Louis and the Regency in order to declare their own candidate for the throne. The first pretender to the throne, Louis XVII's uncle, Charles Philippe, Count of Artois, fought seven years during the minority of Isabella to dispute her title. Charles's and his descendants' supporters were known as Absolutists, and the fight over the succession became known as the Liberal Wars. After Liberal wars, the regent, Helene, resigned to make way for General Louis-Eugène Cavaignac, the most successful and most popular Parliamentarian general. Cavaignac, a Progressive, remained regent for only two years.

His minority saw tensions the abolition of slavery in the French Colonial Empire.

Louis-Eugène Cavaignac was turned out in 1852 by a military and political pronunciamiento led by Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soul, in which the National Guard staged coup d'état to depose Cavaignac with the help of four regiments of the royal guard invaded the Bourbon Palace, and was assassinated in front of the King, upon which Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily and Jean-de-Dieu would share power as regents during his minority. They formed a cabinet, presided over by Jacques de Bourgeois.

Personal Reign
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